对专利药品平行进口发展问题的思考

Comments on Development for the Parallel Import of Patent Drugs

在20世纪后期经济全球化的进程中,传染性疾病以史无前例的速度在全球蔓延,经济全球化所产生的全球整体利益使得知识产权私人权利范围的扩张日益与人权、尤其是健康权发生冲突。专利药品的国际保护标准不同使得诸多发达国家追求垄断价格的同时阻碍了公共健康权的发展,逐渐打破了全球知识产权制度的平衡。鉴于专利药品平行进口原则具有防止专利权人形成市场独占的制约性,诸多发展中国家将其作为和发达国家谈判的手段以降低专利药品的国内市场价格,但是,我国专利药品平行进口的立法尚属稀缺,当务之急是应当在避免专利药品返销而限制平行进口种类的同时,强化专利平行进口原则的震慑作用与可操作性。

During the economic globalization in the latter part of 20th century, infectious diseases spread worldwide at an unexpected speed. The globally holistic interest has aroused conflicts between the expansion of the intellectual property rights （IPR） and human rights, especially the right to the public health. The protec- tion criteria for patent drugs are different among countries, thus many developed countries seek for monopoly profit and hinder the development of the right to the public health, which breaks the global balance of IPR. The doctrine of the parallel import of patent drugs can prevent the patentee from maneuvering markets exclu- sively and may act as an effective means for developing countries to negotiate with developed countries to lower the drug price in their domestic markets. Considering the lack of legislation on parallel import of patent drugs in our country, it is urgent to avoid the back sale of patent drugs, restrict types of intensify the deterrent effects and feasibility of the doctrine of the parallel import parallel imported drugs, and of patent drugs.