“道德人”还是“经济人”:中国扶贫制度中的人性困惑

"Moral Man" or "Economic Man":Humanity Puzzle in Anti-poverty System of Rural China

新中国成立以来,我国反贫困取得了辉煌的胜利,为世界反贫困作出了巨大贡献。我国的扶贫制度设计主要是建立在"道德人"的人性假设基础上的,从而导致了扶贫过程中的权力不受监督以及民主的缺失,进而降低了扶贫绩效。在市场经济的冲击下,基于"道德人"的制度安排因扶贫实践中出现的各种不端以及腐败行为而失去解释力,使得以"经济人"的属性来看待政府扶贫行为成为必要。当前,重要的工作是建立和完善扶贫绩效评估制度、扶贫参与制度和扶贫权力约束制度,以进一步规范扶贫行动。

Since the founding of new China,anti-poverty in China has made great success and made great contribution to anti-poverty program of the world.In China,the institutional design of anti-poverty is based on the assumption of ＂moral man＂,which cause that the administrative behaviors in the process of anti-poverty are not supervised,which lead to the lack of democracy and which decrease the performance of anti-poverty.Under the impact of market economy,the institutional design based on ＂moral man＂ has chucked away the explaining function because of all kinds of improper and corruption behaviors in the process of anti-poverty,so introducing the attribute of ＂economic man＂ assumption into governmental anti-poverty becomes necessary.Currently,it is important to establish and complete anti-poverty performance evaluation system,anti-poverty participation system and anti-poverty power restriction in order to further normalize anti-poverty behaviors.