重庆市农民工市民化的成本约束与制度创新

Cost Restraint and Institutional Innovation for Chongqing's Migrant Workers to Become Urban Residents

户籍制度改革是中国城乡二元制度改革、缩小二元差距的牛鼻子,以户籍制度改革推动社会制度改革是中国未来三十年社会制度改革的重心。重庆市推进以农民工户籍制度改革为切入的统筹城乡综合配套改革,是中国社会制度变革的一个试点和示范。但是城乡二元制度是一个相互关联的巨复系统,制度之间相互约束;同时制度改革隐含巨大的改革成本。重庆市一方面要循序推进农民工户籍制度改革,同时在已有土地制度、农村养老保障制度、农村医疗保障制度、农村教育制度等系列改革基础上,还应推出农村退休养老保障制度、农村承包地退休退出制度、农村住房保障制度等关键制度,为农民工市民化提供必要的资金支持,削弱和消除因制度原因造成的农民工市民化心理障碍。

Household register system reform is the key to the reform of China＇s dual system between urban and rural areas and to narrowing the dual disparity,and using household register system reform to boost China＇s social system reform is the focus of social system reform of China in coming thirty years.Chongqing＇s using household register system reform of migrant workers to advance overall urban and rural comprehensive development reform is a model and an experiment of China＇s social system reform.However,urban and rural dual system is a huge system coupled with each other,there is interactive constraint between the systems,and meanwhile,the institutional reform implicates huge reform cost.On the one hand,Chongqing should boost household register reform of migrant workers in proper sequence,on the other hand,on the basis of existed land system,rural endowment insurance system,rural medical insurance system,rural education system and so on,Chongqing should work out new systems such as rural retirement and endowment insurance system,rural contracted land quitting system after retirement and rural housing insurance system so as to provide necessary financial support for migrant workers to become urban residents,weaken and eliminate psychological barriers for the migrant workers to become urban residents because of system factor.