先秦社、稷关系考

A Study of Relationship between She and Ji in Pre-Qin Period

近年来出土的有关"社、稷"祭祷的简文,证明卜辞中的"兇"当释为"稷"而非"叢",稷与社是两个相对独立的自然神灵,而不是郑玄所称的"原隰之神"。社、稷皆有坛。"社稷"一语既是诸侯国家政权的代称,又是天下的代称。"社稷"一语的合称在商代就已经出现,而非始于春秋战国时期。

On the recently excavated inscribed slips,there are contents about sacrifice of ＂She＂ and ＂Ji＂ which show that the ＂Xiong＂ letter in the prayer should be interpreted as ＂Ji＂ instead of ＂Cong＂.They also show that ＂Ji＂ is a natural gods different from ＂She＂,not what Zhen Xuan called as ＂god of Yuanxi＂.Each of ＂She＂ and ＂Ji＂ has its altar.＂Sheji＂ as one word emerged as early as in Shang Dynasty,not the Spring-Autumn and Warring States Period;it refers both to the regimes of kingdoms and the whole domain under heaven.