福建龙海太阳辐射与粮食作物光合生产关系研究

Solar radiation and photosynthetic production of grain crops in Longhai,Fujian

为了提高粮食作物光合生产力,2006～2009年在福建省龙海市设研究基点,观测太阳辐射和粮食作物的光合生产。①依据太阳辐射和日照百分率,建立龙海分季节月太阳总辐射经验计算式。②太阳辐射与干物质积累量和经济产量呈正相关,水稻齐穗至成熟期的太阳辐射对稻谷产量有决定性影响。③龙海基点早稻、晚稻、马铃薯等一年三熟作物全生育期平均光能利用率(Eu)分别为2.10%、1.98%和1.85%,短期最高Eu值为4.26%。④由当地常年太阳总辐射和最高Eu值估算出三熟作物的最高潜在产量,比现有产量高1.6～1.8倍,增产潜力很大,增产的基本途径是在扩增太阳辐射拦截量基础上,提高光能利用率。

In order to improve the photosynthetic productivity of crops,an experimental site was set to observe solar radiation and photosynthetic production of crops in Longhai,Fujian from 2006 to 2009.The results showed that（1） based on solar radiation and sunshine rate,an empirical formula for calculating the monthly,seasonal radiation in Longhai was established;（2） a positive correlation between solar radiation and plant＇s dry matter accumulation and economic yield was found-the solar radiation during the period between rice full heading and maturation had a significant and determining effect on the grain yield;（3） the average light energy utilization（Eu） rates were 2.10%,1.98% and 1.85%,respectively,in the entire growth period of Longhai early rice,the late rice and the potatoes,and in the short-term the highest Eu was 4.26%;and（4） estimated by the local annual solar radiation and the maximum Eu value,the greatest theoretical yields of the early rice,the late rice and the potatoes could be 1.6 to1.8 times higher than the current production of the three crops indicating a substantial production increase potential.By more efficient utilization of the solar energy,increase in crop yield could be realized.