第二次布匿战争初期罗马军队损失人数考析

A Study of the Loss of the Roman Soldiers During Early Second Punic War.

第二次布匿战争是古代西方世界一次意义极其重大的战争。在最初的3年里,即公元前218年-公元前216年,罗马接连遭遇惨败,公民集体损失的人数大抵在70000人左右。然而,这并不是整体绝对人数的减少,而是公民集体中有产基层人数的损失。这一阶层人数的损失直接威胁着罗马的政治和军事安全,动摇了共和国的基础。此外,部分政治官吏和军事将领的阵亡使罗马业已危急的局势更加恶化。

The second Punic War is of great importance in ancient western history.During the first three years（218 B.C.-216 B.C.）,Rome suffered disastrous defeats in succession causing the loss of about 70,000 citizens.However,it was not the decrease of the whole Roman citizens,but just the reduction of the adsidui.The loss of them directly threatened the security of Roman politics and military affairs,and shook the base of res publica.In addition,the death of part of political magistrates and military leaders worsened the Roman desperate situation.