咸同时期的捐纳与铨选

The Relationship between Donation and Official Selecting during Xianfeng and Tongzhi

咸丰之际捐纳的普遍开展,在为清廷提供大量饷需的同时,也在很大程度上冲击了铨选制度。这不仅体现在大批人员涌入仕途,使得流品日益芜杂,吏治逐渐腐化,更为重要的是,它打乱了既有铨法,使得捐纳人员与正途人员争夺员缺资源的矛盾日益凸显。捐纳人员中办事能员的得以重用,反映了时代变局下选材观念的初步变更。清廷虽采取措施以疏通正途,但效果甚微。

During the periods of Xianfeng and Tongzhi, the donation was popular in the society. It provided financial support for the Qing dynasty, and it also impacted the official selection system. It caused a large number of people to enter the Officialdom and made official corruption ever severe. More importantly, it broke the rules and made the contradiction between different talents from donation and imperial examination increasingly prominent. Talents from donation were put in important position. It reflected initial change of the concepts. The Qing dynasty took some precaution measures, which however, did not achieved substantial results.