新疆野扁桃果实与种子形态变异的初步研究

Preliminary Study on Morphological Variation of Fruits and Seeds of Amygdalus Ledebourianain Xinjiang

【目的】揭示野扁桃不同居群果实和种子形态变异特点,为野扁桃资源保护和开发利用提供科学依据。【方法】采用居群生物学调查与统计分析方法,对野扁桃4个自然居群的果实和种子形态进行观测。【结果】在调查的11个表型性状中,不同性状在居群间变异系数从0.245(种子质量,SW)到0.078(果核长度,FL),果核长度(FL)最为稳定。单因素方差分析显示,居群间果核宽、果核与种子长宽比等(FB、FL/FD、SL/SD、SW/FW)差异显著,果核与种子质量等(FT、FW、SD、ST、SW)5项的差异极显著。聚类分析显示,4个居群可划分为2类,在巩留和塔城居群间(TX与TW)已发生较大变异。【结论】野扁桃果实和种子形态具有丰富的变异,在其优良种源的选育中应重视环境造成的差异以便开发利用和资源保护。

【Objective】The aim was confirm the morphological variation of fruits and seeds of the different Amygdalus ledebouriana populations and provide scientific basis for its conservation,development and utilization.【Method】The morphological characters of fruits and seeds of Amydalus ledebouriana were investigated and analyzed statistically in four natural populations.【Result】 The variation coefficient of the eleven phenotypic characters,among populations ranged from 0.245（seeds weight,SW） to 0.078（kernel length KL）,and kernel length of fruits is one of the most stable characters among all traits.One way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences among four characters（such as kernel diameter and mass） （P0.05）,and very significant differences existed among five characters（such as kernel weight,seed weight and width） among populations（P0.01）The cluster analysis indicated that the four populations formed two groups,there distinct differentiations between Gongliu and Tacheng populations.【Conclusion】There are rich morphological variations in the fruit and seed traits among populations of A.ledebouriana,and these results will provide more evidences for choosing superior germplasma.