儒家古学新诠──以《新语》征引《谷梁传》及《公羊传》义为例

A New Explanation of the Antique Studies of Confucianism:Taken the Quotation of Gu-liang Zhuan and Gong-yang Zhuan in Xinyu as Example

儒家内部既有共同的理念,又有分歧。后代儒家怎样阐释前儒文本、思想,值得探讨。本文以《新语》阐释《谷梁》、《公羊》两传为例,结合汉初的时代背景,论述陆贾《新语》引用两传之文、义,以阐明自己的政治主张。《新语》大部份继承了《谷梁》、《公羊》的原义,很少与两传不同。陆贾在引用两传时,提出他的政治主张,主要是要求君主修齐而治平,最后达到天人合一的境界。他希望藉此为刘邦施政提供理论。

Among the Confucian thinkers,there are shared ideas as well as different opinions.How the later Confucian scholars elaborate their previous scholars' thoughts and literature therefore deserves a particular examination.This article attempts to illustrate how and why Lu-jia(陆贾) quoted Gu-liang Zhuan(《谷梁传》)and Gong-yang Zhuan(《公羊传》)in his Xinyu(《新语》) to advocate his political ideas.Xinyu inherited most of the original contexts from Gu-liang Zhuan and Gong-yang Zhuan,with very few changes.In addition,by doing so,Lu-jia urged the emperor to conduct self-cultivation in order to rule the country and to attain the harmony with nature.