不同灌溉技术条件对冬小麦生产的影响

Effect of different irrigation technology on production of winter wheat

为了研究并得到3种不同灌溉技术(滴灌、喷灌、漫灌)对冬小麦产量及其构成的影响,在中国农业大学吴桥实验站设计了滴灌、喷灌、漫灌的大田试验.3种灌溉技术条件下,其灌溉总量相同,漫灌和喷灌采用浇底墒水加浇两水,滴灌采用浇底墒水加浇四水的方式;从冬小麦整个生长期内的作物高度、叶面积指数、籽粒重等指标,考察不同灌溉技术对冬小麦生产及其构成的影响.结果表明:滴灌条件下,表层含水量下降速度最小,整个生长期,含水量高于喷灌和漫灌;滴灌处理的叶面积指数最高,其次是喷灌;在成熟期,滴灌条件下,作物高度比漫灌高12%,比喷灌高5%;滴灌和喷灌的条件下产量分别比漫灌高8.63%,7.75%;滴灌、喷灌、漫灌的籽粒千粒重分别为43.36,42.17和41.17 g,滴灌和喷灌籽粒重明显高于漫灌,且生物量分别比漫灌提高了6.9%,3%.这说明3种灌溉技术中,滴灌技术最有利于实现节水保墒、小麦增产,其次是喷灌.

The object was to explore the effect of different irrigation technology（drip,sprinkler and flood irrigation） on the yield components of winter wheat.Different irrigation technology was is applied in the field to research effect of different irrigation technology on the yield components.Such results as follow： the rate of decline soil moisture on the surface is the smallest and the soil moisture is highest when the drip irrigation is applied.The height of winter wheat of drip irrigation applied is 12% and 5% more than that of sprinkler and flood irrigation,respectively.The yield of the drip and sprinkler irrigation applied is 8.63% and 7.75% more than that of flood irrigation.The weight of one thousand of grains under drip,sprinkler and flood irrigation was 43.36,42.17 and 41.17 g respectively.The grain weight is also more than that of flood irrigation and likewise the biomass,which is 6.9% and 3% higher under drip and sprinkler irrigation.This implies that the drip irrigation is better to used when the overall objective is to increase the water use efficiency.And likewise sprinkler irrigation is also better than flood irrigation.