团体干预对地震灾区初中生创伤后应激和抑郁症状的作用

Effects of group intervention on depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms among junior middle school students in earthquake area

目的:探索团体干预是否有助于缓解地震灾区初中生的创伤后应激症状和抑郁症状。方法:在汶川地震发生后6个月,以方便取样的原则选取四川彭州地区某学校初二的2个班级,1个班为对照组(n=38),另1个班为干预组(n=47),对干预组实施以提高社会支持为目标的班级团体干预方案(共2周,每周2次)。用儿童事件影响量表(Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale,CRIES)和儿童抑郁量表(Children's Depression Inventory,CDI)进行测量,比较两组在干预前(前测)、干预2周后(后测)及干预结束4个月后(追踪)CRIES和CDI得分的变化。结果:在CRIES得分上,组别和测量时间交互作用显著,前测时两组得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预2周后,两组的CRIES得分均降低,但干预结束4个月后,干预组得分持续降低,而对照组升高;在CDI得分上,组别和测量时间交互作用不显著。在3个时间点上,干预组得分始终低于对照组,并且两组CDI得分均持续降低,干预组下降程度要高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:团体干预能够在短期内降低初中生的创伤后应激症状和抑郁水平。在干预结束后较长时间内,干预的作用持续存在。

Object： To test the effects of social support enhancement group on depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms in junior middle school students. Methods： A social support and self-esteem enhancement group was conducted for Junior 2 students in Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province. Both the intervention group and the control group completed the Children＇ s Revised Impact of Event Scale （CRIES） and Children＇ s Depression Inventory （CDI） before and after the intervention. The effect of intervention was evaluated by the comparison of the two group＇ s scores in both scales. Result： There was interaction effect between group and time on the score of CRIES. No significant difference was found in the pre-intervention test between the two groups[（ 19. 4 ± 12. 0）vs. （22. 4 ± 10. 8 ）, P 〉 0. 05 ] . After 2-week intervention, both the two groups decreased in the score of CRIES. However, the intervention group continued to decrease after 4 months while the control group had an in- crease. No significant interaction effect was found between group and time on the scores of CDL The control grouphad higher scores than the intervention group in the three tests. Both of the two groups decreased in CDI scores, but the intervention group decreased more （P 〈 O. O1 ）. Conclusion： This study shows that the short-term group intervention can effectively alleviate depression and post-trauma stress symptoms in junior middle school students in long term. The intervention can prevent the relapse of the post-traumatic stress symptoms.