两肾一夹高血压大鼠肾脏损伤及血管改变动态观察

Renal Injury and Vascular Remodeling in Rats with Secondary Hypertension

目的探讨不同高血压维持时段对肾脏和肾脏血管的影响。方法 5周龄的雄性WKY大鼠36只作为实验动物,夹住左侧肾动脉,使其缩窄约3/4左右,制作两肾一夹高血压动物模型(2K1C),监测术后8、16和24周2K1C高血压大鼠血压和肾脏相对重量的变化;光学显微镜动态观察肾脏损伤,观测肾脏各级小动脉血管重构情况。结果 2K1C高血压大鼠术后血压明显升高(P<0.05),肾脏相对重量没有随血压和周龄改变发生明显变化(P>0.05);随高血压维持周龄增加,肾小球损伤指数、肾间质炎症改变和管型逐渐增加(P<0.01)。2K1C高血压试验组肾脏动脉丛管壁增厚,中层平滑肌层数增多,并可见弹力纤维断裂现象,部分肾入球小动脉玻璃样变性。与同龄对照组相比,2K1C组中型动脉和细小动脉中膜厚度/管腔直径比值(S)均增大,病变以细小动脉更明显。术后16周2K1C组中型动脉S值高于8周2K1C组(P<0.05)。2K1C组细小动脉S值随高血压大鼠周龄增大明显增加(P<0.01)。结论随高血压状态的维持,2K1C高血压大鼠模型肾脏损害、肾脏血管构型改变逐渐加重。

Objective To observe dynamically the 2K1C hypertensive rats kidney damage and renal vessels structure change in different maintained periods of hypertension.Methods 36 five week-old male WKY rats were used as experimental animals.Hypertensive rats were established by clipping left renal vascular which should narrow 3/4.The changes of blood pressure and comparatively weight were monitored at the 8th weeks,16th weeks,24th weeks of 2K1C hypertensive rats after surgery.Renal injury,inflammatory cell infiltration,stained elastic fibers and the renal arterial plexus remodeling were dynamically observed by optical microscope.Results After operation,2K1C rats＇ blood pressure increased significantly.2K1C hypertensive rats kidney comparatively weight did not change obviously with the changes of blood pressure and rat＇s age.Glomerular injury rate,renal interstitial inflammation,renal tubular and vascular remodeling were significantly increased with rat＇s age increasing.The arterial plexus vascular wall thickened,of which the smooth muscle cells increased in the middle,and elastic fibers breakage and hyalinosis of part of the renal afferent arteries was found.Thickness/lumen diameter（S） of 2K1C group of medium-sized arteries and small-sized arterioles which were compared with the same age control group were increased and it was more significant in small-sized arterioles.S values of medium-sized artery of 16 weeks 2K1C group was higher than those of 8 weeks old 2K1C group＇s.S value of small-sized arterioles of the 2K1C group rats increases significantly with increasing week of age.Conclusion With the maintenance of hypertension status,injury of 2K1C hypertensive rats kidney and changes of renal vascular structure were increasing.