小学数学教师隐喻与问题解决的研究

The Study of Elementary Math Teachers' Metaphor and Problem-solving

隐喻是教师知识的一种,也是教师教学观、师生观的折射。本研究采取访谈、观察等方法,比较了专家教师、胜任教师和新手教师关于自身形象、数学教学、师生关系的隐喻,并比较了教师对教学问题和课堂管理问题的解决方式。结果显示:专家教师、胜任教师、新手教师的隐喻是不同的,胜任教师与新手教师的隐喻存在一定不足。专家教师、胜任教师、新手教师在解决问题时采取的策略、方式也存在差异,专家教师课堂中遇到管理问题时,教学优先,解决管理问题时能看到问题的本质,与胜任教师、新手教师相比,专家教师问题解决方法更全面。专家教师在回答教学问题时,能就特定内容选用适当方法。而新手教师的方法倾向于运用一般的方法。胜任教师能解决这些问题,但在延伸、拓展方面有一定局限。

Metaphor is a kind of teachers′ knowledge.It is also reflecting teachers′ concepts of teaching and the relationship between teachers and students.In this study,the metaphor about self-image,math teaching and teacher-student relationship were compared among expert teachers,competent teachers and novice teachers.The problem solving of teaching and classroom management were also compared.The results show: Different metaphors were hold by expert teachers,competent teachers and novice teachers.The metaphor hold by competent teacher and novice teachers had some deficiencies.The strategies and methods used to solve problems were also different among expert teachers,competent teachers and novice teachers.When the expert teacher encountered classroom management problems in class,they took teaching as priority and they can see the essence of the problems.The methods they chose were comprehensive than which the competent teachers and novice teachers used.When the expert teachers were asked to solve the teaching problems,they chose appropriate method for particular situation.The competent teachers can solve the problems,but the methods they used needed to be explored and extended.