美国高校服务性学习的理论与实践研究

A Study on the Theories and Practice of Service Learning in the USA

服务性学习是一种以学生为中心、将社区服务与学生学习与发展结合起来,在行动和反思过程中进行的经验性学习,一般包括规划、服务、反思、评价四个阶段。其开展形式多种多样,可以在课内、课外开展,也可以在周末或假期开展;既可以小组、班级为单位开展,也可以以整个学校或整个学区为单位开展。在具体实施过程中,应始终关注学生的兴趣、关注学生的直接经验,把学生的需要与社区的需要结合起来,同时获得必要的资源和支持。

Service learning,put forward during the process of action and reflection,is a kind of experiential learning that is students-centered,combing community service with the learning and development of students.And there are four stages： planning,serving,reflecting and evaluating.The service learning has great variety of forms,which can happen in or out of the class,and in the whole school or in the block.In the course of the implementation of the service learning,it should focus on students＇ interests and direct experience,combine the demands of students with communities,and get the necessary supports and resources.