云南铁壳麦变种分类及基于农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

Mutation Classification and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Triticum aestivum ssp. Yunnanense King Based on Agronomic Traits

[目的]为给云南省小麦新品种选育以及物种保护研究提供依据。[方法]对29份云南铁壳麦进行了变种分类和基于14个农艺性状的遗传多样性分析。[结果]云南铁壳麦A14为一未定名的白粒变种,其余28份材料分为10个已定名变种类型;云南铁壳麦农艺性状变异较丰富,以不孕小穗数变异系数最大(22.59%),抽穗期的变异最小;云南铁壳麦7个农艺性状的多样性指数变化较大,为1.55～2.04。29份云南铁壳麦分为3个类群,但同一变种类型的云南铁壳麦并未整齐的聚为一类;云南铁壳麦A13、A14和A21间的遗传关系相对较近,而与其他云南铁壳麦间的遗传关系相对较远。[结论]云南铁壳麦在农艺性状上存在较为广泛的遗传多样性。

[ Objective] The present study was conducted to provide basis for researches on breeding new wheat varieties and conserving rare species in Yunnan Province. [ Method] 29 materials of Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King （Yunnan Hulled Wheat） were taken for the research on classification and genetic diversity analysis based on 14 agronomic traits. [ Result] Yunnan hulled wheat AI4 could be an unnamed white seed variety, and other 28 materials were divided into 10 named mutation types; Yunnan hulled wheat was rich in variability of agronomic tra/ta, in which the coefficient of variance （CV） of sterile spikelet number was the largest （22.59%）, while the CV of earing period was the lowest （3.71% ） ; the diversity indexes of seven qualitative characters ranged from 1.55 - 2.04. Moreover, the 29 Yunnan hulled wheat could be divided into 3 clusters by the UPGMA analysis. However, Yunnan hulled wheat varieties originating from similar mutation types did not completely cluster together. The genetic relationship was relatively close among A13 （YT-35）, A14 （YT-36） and A21 （YT-37）, but the faster genetic relationship was observed between them and other Yunnan hulled wheat varieties. [ Conclusion] Yunnan hulled wheat had an extensive genetic diversity in agronomic traits.