基于外部效应的北京城市轨道交通补贴额度研究

A Study on the Subsidy Amount of Beijing Urban Rail Transit Based on the Externalities

城市轨道交通巨大的正外部效应,必然要求政府给予的投资和运营补贴总额与其外部效应的大小相当。而北京城市轨道交通的投资和运营补贴总额由轨道交通建设规模及运营亏损情况决定,存在补贴不足或过度的风险。本文通过建立轨道交通外部效应的指标体系和计量模型,计算了基于外部效应的北京城市轨道交通补贴总额,并与实际补贴额进行比较分析,得出投资补贴不足、运营补贴过度的结论。本文建议通过沿线土地开发、PPP模式等增加投资建设资金,通过将直接运营补贴改为间接补贴、适时调整轨道交通票价和票制等方式来降低运营补贴额,以促进城市轨道交通快速持续发展。

The great positive externalities of urban rail transit demands that the amount of subsidy paid by the local government equal to the externalities.But in Beijing,the amount of subsidy paid by the municipal government depends on the construction scale of urban rails and the operation losses,which leads to the position of either less-subsidized or over-subsidized.Working with an evaluation system and econometric model of externalities of urban rail transit this article computes the best amount of the total subsidies based on externalities.And by comparing the theoretical and the actual amount of subsidies,the authors conclude that the investment subsidy to the urban rail transit is inadequate while the operation subsidy is excessive.It is suggested that,on the one hand,the increase of investment be achieved through land exploitation along the urban rails and public-private partnership,and on the other,the present direct operation subsidy be changed into indirect operation subsidies,and the price of urban rail transit be regulated and raised so that a sustainable development can be anticipated.