农村劳动力转移模式的国际比较及其启示

Rural Labor Transfer:A Comparative Approach and Implications

农村劳动力转移是世界经济社会发展的必经阶段。在英国,农村劳动力转移直接源于工业化,政府干预起助推作用,最终导致农业的衰退;美国的农村劳动力转移与农业发展、工业化、集中式的城市化互为推动;韩国外向型经济政策、劳动密集型为主的企业结构、空间集中的城市发展战略、发达的教育使其成功解决了农村劳动力的转移;印度落后的农业、资本技术密集型工业的发展、滞后的农村教育造就了农村劳动力转移的迟缓;我国的农村劳动力转移滞后于工业化,转移过程中,农民职业转移与身份改变、地域迁移相分离,分散式的小城镇是转移的主要载体。

Rural labor transfer is a necessary stage in the global socio-economic development and deserves a comparison.The practice in England was directly driven by the process of industrialization,in which the government played an intervening role and agriculture declined as a result.South Korea addressed this problem through the export-oriented policy,urban development schemes,and advanced mass education.India＇s underdeveloped agriculture,capital-and tech-intensive industries,and lagging rural education contribute to a slow transfer of rural labors.In China,the rural labor transfer still lags behind its development of industrialization.