18世纪末19世纪上半叶德意志音乐批评中的民族主义思潮

Nationalism in German Music Criticism during late 18th and first half of 19th Century

民族主义是19世纪欧洲重要的思潮之一。18世纪末19世纪初,德意志经历法国大革命和拿破仑战争,民族主义思想逐渐高涨。在当时的音乐批评领域中同样呈现出这种倾向,它首先表现为一种集体批评语调的产生,即运用二元思维模式,通过批判与贬低外国音乐,潜在地提升德意志音乐的优越性;其次表现为批评家对于德意志作曲家创作的器乐音乐、尤其是交响曲的推崇,再次表现为在探索与确立德意志歌剧传统中对于外国歌剧的攻击。

Nationalism is one of the important ideological thinking of the 19th century.After the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars,national consciousness gradually rise in Germany.It showed this tendency in music criticism,it first displayed criticism tones of the collective,by using the dichotomy and criticizing foreign music,potentially enhance the superiority of German music;second,it showed critics respenting German composers for instrumental music,especially symphonies;third,it showed critics attacking foreign opera in the exploration and establishment of German opera tradition.