论托尔斯泰对老子“无为”思想的接受与变通

On Tolstoy's Acceptance and Accommodation of "Inaction" Thought by Lao Tsu

托尔斯泰高度评价老子思想,其思想中有与老子相近的观点,如"禁欲"和"无为"。他提出了自己的"勿以暴力抗恶"的主张,认为这与老子的"无为"相通,并以老子"柔弱胜刚强"佐证。他看到统治阶级的奢侈享受,和老子一样反对统治阶层扰民。但是,将二者比较后可以发现,托尔斯泰在接受老子思想的同时进行了带有浓厚博爱色彩的变通。老子"无为"是深谋远虑的治国之策,托尔斯泰的"无为"则带有悲天悯人的人文关怀。

Tolstoy paid high tribute to Lao Tsu.Some of his thoughts such as ＂abstinence＂ and ＂inaction＂ are similar to that of Lao Tsu.He presented his ideas of ＂non-violence against evil＂,which he thought to be closely linked to Lao Tsu＇s ideas of ＂inaction＂ and found support from Lao Tsu＇s ＂the delicate is mightier than the powerful＂.Witnessing the luxurious living of the ruling class,he expressed his objection to their disrupting people＇s normal life as Lao Tsu did.However,by comparing the two,it can be found that in accepting Lao Tsu＇s thoughts Tolstoy accommodated it with rich color of humility.Lao Tsu＇s thoughts of ＂inaction＂ is a foresighted state affair administration strategy,while Tolstoy＇s ＂inaction＂ is of wide spread humanistic concern.