音素与音位关系辨

On the Relationship Between Phone and Phoneme

音素是从音质的角度对语音进行切分所得到的最小的(语音)单位;音素的概念是局限在音质内部的范畴;音位是一种语言中可以区别意义的最小语音单位,含有一定的社会属性,它既有音素的音质形式,又处于一个音位体系中,一定要考虑不同音位之间的关系,音位才有意义。音位变体依然有音位的性质,音节是由音位和调位、时位、重位等按照一定语言的组合规则组合而成的,而不是由音素组成的。

The phone is the smallest sound unit of speech from the perspective of voice quality. The concept of phoneme is limited within the scope of voice quality i The phone has the form of voice quality of phoneme, besides, it is a part of a phonemic system and has certain social attributes of speech units. The phone does not make sense unless taking the relationship between different phones into consideration. And the allophone still has the nature of phones. A syllable is composed of phoneme and the pitch models, the length of the time and the stress of the tone, besides, it is a part of certain laws of the languages.