连云港市早产儿出生情况流行病学调查分析

An initial epidemiologic investigation of preterm infants in cities of Lianyungang Chnia

目的:通过对连云港市范围内2008年1月至12月出生的早产儿进行流行病学调查,提供本地区的早产儿资料。方法对连云港市的市区及县乡级医院10所市区及乡医院2008年1月至2008年12月出生的1497名早产儿的高危因素、并发症、转归情况进行前瞻性调查,对所获得的资料进行回顾性分析。结果:产科出生的新生儿中早产儿发生率为5.86%(1497/25697),男:女之比为1.46:1(889/608)。出生后至新生儿科住院的早产新生儿1043例,占同期出生早产儿的69.7%(1043/1495),男:女之比为649/394(1.65:1)。胎龄34～37周占67.80%。出生体重<1500g占9.22%,1500～2500g占49.97%。引起早产的高危因素主要为胎膜早破(28.90%)、母亲早产史(21.43%)、多胎(17.80%)和妊高症(10.28%)等。早产儿出生后的疾病主要为:呼吸系统疾病(56.95%),新生儿高胆红素血症(36.30%),感染性疾病(22.53%),中枢神经系统疾病(21.57%),消化系统疾病(12.94%),新生儿窒息(10.26%)。随着胎龄的增加,早产儿合并症逐渐下降,治愈率显著提高。结论:本研究调查揭示了早产儿发生的常见高危因素以及影响早产儿近期转归的病因。为降低早产儿的发生率和改善早产儿预后提供了理论依据。

Objective：In order to estalish a foundation for epidemiological survey of preterm infants throughout Lianyungang China,this paper collected and analyzed medical documents of prematuere infants from our cities of China.Methods：A total 1497 preterm infants from 10 hospitals in the city of Lianyungang between January 2008 and December 2008 were enrolled in this study.High risk factors and complications associated with premature birth and incidence and outcome of premature infants were investigated retrspectively.Results：The incidence of the preterm infant was 5.86%in neonates born in the department of obstetrics.and with a gender constituent ration of 1.46：l（boy：girl,889/608）.The preterm infants born at gestational age between 34～37 weeks accounted for 68.7%and those with body weights less than 1500g accounted for 9.22%in all premature infants,those with body weights between 1500g～2500g accounted for 49.97%in all premature infants.The most common precipitating factor of premature birth was the premature rupture of membranes（28.90%）,followed by multifetation（21.43%）,premature history of the mother（17.80%）,and pregnancy-induced Hypertension syndrome（10.28%）.The most common complication was respiratory system diseases （56.95%）,followed by hyperbilirubinemia（36.30%）,infection diseases（22.53%） and Central nervous system disease（21.57%）,digestive System diseases（12.94%） and neonatal asphyxia（10.26%）.The incidence of complications decreased with the increase of gestational age;The desirable outcome of the premature infant rose with the increase of gestational age.Conclusions：The investigation demonstrated the common causes of premature birth and the factors related to the outcome of the premature infant.It provides a basis for decreasing the incidence and improving the prognosis of the premature infant.