农民工与近代中国“城市病”综合症——以苏南为中心的考察

Peasant Workers and Modern China "Urban Syndrome"——Center for Southern Jiangsu

农民工进城打工,推动了中国近代工商业的发展和城市的繁荣,但由于农村推力强劲,驱使大量富余劳动力不断向城市聚集,而城市有限的工商业发展水平来不及消纳,引起"城市化过度",从而不可避免地引发多种"城市病",形成"城市病"综合症。以近代苏南为中心的区域考察,显现出现代城市的十大病症与农民工大量向城市集中有内在关联。农民工进城打工,在给城市带来勃勃生机与活力的同时,也引发了诸如"非法占地"现象的普遍化、环境恶化、供应紧张物价腾涨、就业困难失业问题突出、劳工贫困化现象严重、城市技术革新动力不足、自杀等社会病态加剧、游民充斥乞丐遍地、社会治安状况堪忧、风化问题等。除十大"城市病"之外,其他诸如职业结构畸形、性别比失衡、交通拥挤等病态,也无不存在于苏南各城市中,由此构成"城市病"综合症。而"综合症"的"病源",与农民工的"城市化过度"直接关联。应该看到,农民工进城,固然促进了工商业的发展和城市的繁荣,没有农民工向城市的集中,近代苏南及中国的城市化是不可想象的,其正效应是不容忽视的;但由于受外国资本主义压制,工业发展缓慢,城市化步履维艰,无法吸收消化庞大的农民工大军,以致衍生出许多"城市病",对这种负面影响,同样不应回避。

Peasant workers promoted the development of modern industry and commerce and made the city thriving and prosperous,but the urban could not provide so many jobs to the mass surplus labor force from the country,which led to over-urbanization,inevitably causing＂ Urban Syndrome＂.This paper,which centered for modern southern Jiangsu and summarized the top ten symptoms,revealed the inner association between＂Urban Syndrome＂and the peasant workers.The peasant workers brought in the vitality and vigor to the city,but also caused such as illegally-land-owned,environmental degradation,supply-falling-short-of-demand and price fluctuation,unemployment problem,labour pauperization,lack of technological innovation,symptom of suicide,etc,intensified,beggars and homeless people everywhere,social security worsen,morels and manners offended.Not including the top ten ＂urban diseases＂,other malformations,such as abnormal occupational structure,sex ratio imbalance,traffic jam,there were all the cities in southern Jiangsu,which was the Urban Syndrome,directly associated the＂over-urbanization＂ caused by the peasant workers.The article stressed：peasant workers promoted the city thriving and prosperous,no peasant workers,no morden urbanization in Southern Jiangsu,and its positive effects can not be ignored.However,due to suppression of foreign capitalism,slow industrial development,slow urbanization,it could not hold a capacity of mass peasant workers,as a result,it derived from so many ＂urban diseases＂.So the negative effect should not be avoided.