试论商族首领继承制发展的三个阶段

Discussion on the Three Stages of Chief Inherited System in Shang Clan

根据《楚辞》、《山海经》等保留原始文化较多的先秦文献与甲骨卜辞的印证,我们可以在《史记.殷本纪》的基础上,拟定出一份新的商族先公先王世系表。根据这份新的世系表,再结合有关考古资料和民俗资料,我们可以考证商族发展史上的继承制度大致经历了三个阶段:一、先商时期,盛行祖孙隔代相继制;二、先商中晚期至商代中期,盛行兄弟平辈相继制;三、商代中后期,盛行父子相继宗法制。而且,这三个不同阶段的继承制度,正好体现出与商族社会经济发展的三个阶段相对应。

According to these documents ——＂Chu-Ci＂ and ＂Shan-Hai-Jing＂——which preserves more original culture and oracle inscriptions,we studied out a new lineage list of Shang clan＇s ancestors on the basis of ＂Records of the Historian · the Yin Dynasty＂.According to this new lineage list and archaeological or folk materials,we can divided the chief inherited system of Shang clan into three stages.First,in pre-shang,the inheritance prevailed between gramdparents and grandchildren.Second,from the later period of pre-shang to mid-shang period,the inheritance prevailed in different brothers.Third,after mid-shang period,the inheritance prevailed between fathers and sons.Furthermore,these three stages accorded with the three developped stages of community economy about Shang clan.