欧盟网络环境下的著作权限制制度协调的困境——以欧洲法院(ECJ)Infopaq案为视角

The Dilemma of the Harmonization of Copyright Limitation and Exception in the Digital Era in EU——Reflections from the Perspective of ECJ's Decision in Infopaq

2001年欧盟《著作权指令》所规定的著作权的权利例外与限制制度并未能统一欧盟各成员国的著作权限制制度,因其先天的结构性缺陷,该制度既不能提供法律上的确定性也不具备足够的灵活性。网络环境下,著作权限制制度面临更多的挑战,从而使欧盟对著作权限制制度的协调陷入困境。对现阶段欧盟著作权法权利限制制度协调困境产生的原因、现状及其发展趋势进行分析和解读,有助于我们在新技术不断更新的今天把握知识产权国际保护的发展方向,认清该发展过程中的实质矛盾,以便更好地完善我国著作权限制制度。

Article 5 of the Copyright Directive of 2001 of EU fails to harmonize the copyright restriction and exception system of the member states,and also fails to provide legal certainty and necessary flexibility due to its structural defect,which is reflected from the implementation practice of the member states. In digital era,the broken structure of traditional copyright industry and the complexity of the relationship between the internet participants provide both challenges and opportunities to the traditional system of copyright limitation and exception.ECJ＇s strict interpretation of Article 5 in Infopaq International A/S v Danske Dagblades Forening C-5/08 on July 16,2009 made the dilemma even more acute.The analysis and interpretation of the causes,current situation and future trend of such dilemma helps to identify the direction of development of international IP protection,the essential conflicts in such development and improved our system of copyright limitation and exception.