美国“在家上学”现象动因探析

An Analysis of the Reason for Homeschooling in America

美国"在家上学"现象的迅猛发展源于多种力量的推动。在教育理念上,自然主义教育思想和进步主义教育思想是其教育思想基础,它同时也得益于教育私有化理念的影响;在政治方面,美国政治文化中反主流倾向的发展、女性主义的发展以及相关组织和机构的积极活动对于"在家上学"起到了极大的促进作用;公众对宗教祈祷的强烈要求和对学校价值观教育的不满也是推动"在家上学"现象发展的重要因素;此外,家庭经济状况的好转、郊区化进程、网络和技术的发展进一步推动了"在家上学"现象的兴盛。

The rapid development of homeschooling in America is motivated by various reasons. It bases on the education theory of naturalism represented by Rousseau and the progressivism represented by Dewey and it benefits from the notion of education＇s going private. On the aspects of politics,the protest against mainstream society, the development of feminism and the activity of related organizations and institutions all prompt the development of homeschooling. The key elements also include the public＇s strong appeal for prey in schools and the public＇s dissatisfaction with value education in schools. Besides,the development of homeschooling is also driven by the progress of the family economic condition, the suburbanization,intemet and techniques development.