中国海域油气勘探前景展望

Prospects of marine hydrocarbon resource exploration in China

中国海域面积超过300×104km2,共发育了38个中新生代盆地,总面积达140.5×104km2,其中近海盆地有11个,面积为73.4×104km2,油气资源十分丰富。从中国海域油气勘探取得的重大进展、多时代多类型盆地叠加、多套烃源岩组合、多时代成藏组合、多种油气藏类型以及非常规油气资源等方面,论述了中国海域油气勘探的潜力。结论认为:①新生界油气资源量预计将会成倍增加;②中生界油气资源量与新生界油气资源量相当,将是我国海域油气勘探的重要层位之一;③上古生界的石炭系—中三叠统烃源岩厚度大、丰度较高,具有丰富的油气资源;④尚有地层—岩性、生物礁、古潜山、火山岩等类型的油气藏等待去发现,油气前景广阔;⑤2007年已在南海北部发现了天然气水合物,表明这类资源十分丰富,另外,页岩气前景也被看好。中国海域油气勘探潜力巨大,勘探领域广泛,将是今后我国油气工业发展主要接替地区之一。

Within the sea area of more than 300×104km2 in China,38 Meso-Cenozoic basins with a total area of 140.5×104km2 have been found,among which there are 11 paralic basins with an area of 73.4×104km2,having been predicted to possess rich hydrocarbon resources.Therefore,this paper discusses the marine hydrocarbon potential in China from many aspects of major achievements in marine exploration,various types of hydrocarbon reservoirs,different source-reservoir-cap assemblages and multiple plays,multi-basin superimposition over several geological ages,and unconventional hydrocarbon resources.The following conclusions are achieved.First,Cenozoic hydrocarbon resources are expected to increase several folds.Second,the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic hydrocarbon reserves are equivalent,which will be the future target for marine hydrocarbon exploration.Third,rich hydrocarbon in place is discovered in Carboniferous rocks in the Upper Paleozoic and Middle Triassic source rocks with huge thickness.Fourth,stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs,organic reef reservoirs,buried hill reservoirs and volcanic reservoirs are expected to contribute to an increase of marine hydrocarbon reserves.Fifth,unconventional hydrocarbon resources are to be discovered in near future,such as natural gas hydrate found in the north of South China Sea in 2007 as well as rich shale gas.As a whole,there is a great potential for marine hydrocarbon exploration in such a wide sea area in China,which will be one of the main possible alternative fields for Chinese oil and gas industry.