论旅游开发中的“和而不同”--以丝绸之路为例

THE "HARMONY WITH DISTINCTIVENESS" IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT——Based on the Case of the Silk Road

旅游开发与规划要协调处理多方面的关系,尤其是对跨地域旅游开发而言,既要强调环境保护,也要体现以人为本;既要坚持特色化,又要争取区域之间的联合与协作。"和而不同"思想有助于实现科学统筹部署。它把"人地和谐"作为最高层次的目标,坚持了可持续发展理念;理清了总体目标和个体目标之间的互动关系,并指出上下级组织之间要各自发挥所长,分工协调。这是一个普遍适用的原则,丝绸之路案例着重阐释了"点轴串联模式"下"和而不同"思想的应用。

It is complicated to handle and coordinate multiple relationships among different factors in tourism development and tourism planning. Also, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of environment protection, as well as people-oriented thought in trans-region tourism development. Therefore, it is vital for a tourist destination to have its unique features and seek regional cooperation. The thought of ＂Harmony with distinctiveness＂ can help to make scientific decisions and strategies. The thought, which is originally put forward by Confucius, penetrates various fields in traditional Chinese culture and is still valuable in modem society. The core of the thought is harmony, and the inherent mechanism is to coordinate relationships between wholes and wholes, wholes and parts, parts and parts. That means ＂harmony as a whole and keep individual characteristics of parts at the same time＂. The thought is carried out step by step. Firstly, the ＂human-earth harmony＂ is decided as the highest goal in order to keep sustainable development and long-term benefit of generations. Secondly, the common goals, which are general goals need different parts working together, should be achieved. Thirdly, special tourism zones, and unique scenic spots should be established and functional divisions should be worked out. The thought could balance the overall goals and the individual goals by differentiating functions and responsibilities of different organizations in different levels by emphasizing cooperation of every part, and coordination between central and local governments, between government and market,and between different departments. There are three ways to achieve ＂Harmony with distinctiveness＂ in tourism development, which are Single Centre Model, Multi-cluster Model and Pole-axis System Model. As a Pole-axis System Model, the Silk Road Tourism Planning fully embodies ＂Harmony with distinctiveness＂, which will promote regional development. Finally, the authors point out that the thought of＂Harmony with distinctiveness＂ is a universal principle, and has maneuverability as well.