主题公园游客心理容量及其影响因素研究--来自深圳欢乐谷的实证

A STUDY ON TOURIST PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPACITY OF THEME PARKS AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS——A Case Study of Happy Valley in Shenzhen

旅游容量是旅游地理学研究的核心问题之一,游客心理容量是旅游容量的重要议题。学界一般认为游客心理容量曲线呈现单调递减性,然而在实践中,主题公园游客心理容量曲线可能呈现非单调递减性。基于这一争论,本文以深圳欢乐谷为案例,采用满意度法论证主题公园游客心理容量曲线的性质,并检验其影响因素。研究发现,主题公园游客心理容量曲线呈现非单调递减性;旺季游客心理容量比平季的大,淡季游客心理容量比平季的小;青少年与成年人的游客心理容量差异不大,老年人游客心理容量比其他人群的小;女性游客心理容量比男性的小,女性的满意度比男性的更容易受到游客量增加的影响;游客心理容量与文化程度呈现逆相关关系。

Tourism carrying capacity （TCC） is one of core issues in tourism geography, and tourist psychological capacity （TPC） is an important but a relatively poorly developed issue in TCC because of its complicated influencing factors and shortage of data. With the absence of empirical studies, the curve of TPC is widely considered as monotone linear in academia according to few studies or simple inference. However, in the practice of theme park management, too large or too small tourist capacity which could influence tourist satisfaction at the same scale. The monotone curve of TPC is not accepted by managers of theme park. Based on this issue, this paper firstly examines some theories of TPC and its influencing factors, such as seasons and tourist population structure which may have more significant influence on TPC of theme park theoretically. The method of satisfaction is adopted in this research. This paper provide a case study of Shenzhen Happy Valley since its relatively regular tour route and fixed entertainment facilities make the data collection easily. The result shows that （1） the curve of TPC in Shenzhen Happy Valley shows non-monotone linear. Too large or too small tourist capacity will lead to tourist＇s satisfaction decline. （2） TPC is notably the highest in peak season than any other seasons, while the lowest in off-season. That may depend on tourist expectations before visiting. （3） Teenagers and adults have no much difference in TPC, but the seniors present a relatively lower TPC than other groups and are sensitive to the large tourist capacity. （4） Female shows lower TPC than male. Moreover, female＇s satisfaction is more influenced by visitor number increasing than male＇s satisfaction. That may be responsible for feminine subtlety. （5） TPC plays negative correlation with the level of education. The higher education, the greater freedom of access to space needed, but the smaller TPC.