不同车型旅客列车蜚蠊分布及密度调查

Cockroach distribution and density on different types of passenger trains

目的了解新形势下不同车型旅客列车蜚蠊的生活习性及分布特点,为旅客列车更有效地进行蜚蠊综合防治提供依据。方法采用药激法喷洒,10min后检查爬出或击倒的蜚蠊数,计算蜚蠊侵害率及平均密度。结果旅客列车蜚蠊侵害率平均为27.7%,其中22系列(45.5%)>25B(37.7%)>25G(24.2%)>SYZ25B(16.7%)>25K(7.4%),CA(90.0%)>YZ(32.3%)>YW(17.1%)>RW(5.0%)。蜚蠊平均密度为2.51只/辆,其中22系列(4.58只/辆)>25B(3.75只/辆)>25G(2.01只/辆)>SYZ25B(1.17只/辆)>25K(0.43只/辆),CA(6.35只/辆)>YZ(3.51只/辆)>YW(1.30只/辆)>RW(0.15只/辆)。蜚蠊栖息部位主要在车厢的四个角落、乘务室、储藏间、冰箱电机旁及灶底通风口和配电室等处,洗脸间灯箱、厢顶通气口出现蜚蠊并呈聚集状态。结论旅客列车蜚蠊侵害严重,蜚蠊分布发生改变,洗脸间灯箱、厢顶通气口、中铺等高部位出现蜚蠊,不同车型有差别。灭蠊时需注意这些部位及配电室等隐蔽处,可采取喷雾、胶饵等方式。

Objective To determine the habits and distribution patterns of cockroaches on different types of passenger trains for effective cockroach prevention and control life in these environments.Methods The number of cockroaches crawling out or knocked off in 10 minutes after pesticide spray was recorded to calculate the infestation rate and average density.Results The average infestation rate was 27.7%,as shown in descending order as follows：Series 22（45.5%）25B（37.7%）25G（24.2%）SYZ25B（16.7%）25K（7.4%） and CA（90.0%）YZ（32.3%）YW（17.1%）RW（5.0%）.The average density was 2.51 roach per compartment,as shown in descending order as follows：Series 22（4.58）25B（3.75）25G（2.01）SYZ25B（1.17）25K（0.43） and CA（6.35）YZ（3.51）YW（1.30）RW（0.15）.The perching positions were mainly the four corners of a compartment,the crew room,the storage room,the electric motor of refrigerator,ventilations beneath the kitchen and the distribution room.Cockroaches were also seen at the light boxes in the washrooms and ventilation holes at the compartment roof.Conclusion The passenger trains are heavily infested with cockroaches.Cockroaches have been found at the light boxes in washrooms,ventilation holes at the roof,middle bunks and other higher positions,varying on different types of trains.Those positions and other hiding places such as the distribution room should be specifically investigated during cockroach control.Pesticide spray and gel baits are effective control measures.