大学生认知偏差问卷的编制及信效度检验

Development of the Dysfunctional Thoughts Scale for College Students

目的编制大学生认知偏差量表（the dysfunctional thoughts scale,DTS）,并检验其信度和效度。方法采用文献研究法、访谈法和问卷调查法,进行大学生认知偏差调查问卷的编制,确定77个项目在180名大学生中进行初测,最终确定24个项目的正式问卷,再随机抽取上海4所高校287名学生进行正式测试,考察大学生认知偏差问卷的信度和效度。结果大学生现阶段存在的主要认知偏差为24个题项,形成6个因素（＂外在控制＂、＂苛求互惠＂、＂信任缺乏＂、＂消极态度＂、＂关注需求＂以及＂消极自我＂）,可解释总分差的55.71%;分半信度为0.779,认知偏差总量表的C ronbachα系数为0.846,各分量表的α系数在0.612~0.726之间;分量表内项目与各自分量表总分的相关系数在0.583~0.803之间,P〈0.001,分量表间的相关系数在0.176~0.508之间,分量表与总量表之间的相关系数在0.608~0.699之间,P〈0.01。结论自编的大学生认知偏差问卷具有良好的信效度;当前大学生的认知偏差整体情况尚属乐观。

Objective To develop the Dysfunctional Thoughts Scale for College Students and examine its applicability.Methods The scale was adapted according to literature review,interview and survey method.The 77-items questionnaire was firstly tested among 180 college students,and then a 24-items final questionnaire was applied among 287 college students from 4 universities in Shanghai at random,in order to test its reliability and validity.Results At the present stage,there were 24 main dysfunctional thoughts of college students,which could be classified into 6 factors（external locus of control,demanding for reciprocity,lacking-trust,negative attitude,needs for attention,and negative self-perception） and interpret 55.71% of the total variance.Its split-half reliability and Cronbach α coefficient were 0.779 and 0.846.The α coefficient of these scales were all 0.612 to 0.726.The correlate coefficient between the items whthin the subscales and the total scores of each subscales were 0.583 to 0.803,P0.001;the correlate coefficient between the subscales were 0.176 to 0.508;the correlate coefficient between the subscale score and the total score were 0.608 to 0.699,P0.01.Conclusion The Dysfunctional Thoughts Scale for College Students demonstrated good reliability and validity and can be used in future studies.Currently the overall situation of college students＇ dysfunctional thoughts was still optimistic.