基于景观功能与稳定性的矿区规划环境影响评价研究——以晋中煤炭基地西山矿区为例

The Research of Planning Environmental Impact Assessment in Coal Mining Based on the Landscape Function and Stability——Taken Xishan Coal Mining for Example

应用景观生态学方法,结合煤矿区规划环评的特点,从景观功能与稳定性评价入手,建立了三层次的适用于煤矿区规划评价的指标体系。并以晋中煤矿基地——西山矿区为例,进行矿区规划景观功能与稳定性评价的研究。结果表明,在煤矿区规划开发活动中,应加强采煤沉陷区的治理和恢复,注重水土保持和景观破碎化的改善,以减少规划对景观功能和稳定性的破坏。运用本次确定的评价体系进行定量计算的结果与常规的景观定性分析结论基本一致,但该指标体系还需要从区域生态承载力人均化、加强污染物变化情况远期预测和细化地表沉陷引起土地面积损失几个方面加以改进和完善。

A three-levels indexes system was established,which is suitable to evaluate the landscape function and stability in coal mining.The indexes system not only applied the method of landscape ecology,but also combined the characteristics of the planning environmental assessment in coal mining.Then the indexes system was used in Xishan coal mining for case-study.The results show that mining subsidence area restoration,water and soil conservation,and landscape fragment improvement should be valued in the planning development of coal mining in order to reduce the damage to landscape function and stability.But the indexes system should be improved from these fields of using per-capita ecology carrying capacity,strengthening pollutants forecast in the long-term planning,as well as refining land losses caused by surface subsidence.