通州区水产品污染副溶血性弧菌和其引起腹泻情况的调查研究

Investigation about the contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic product and patterns of enteric diarrhea in Tongzhou

目的:了解北京市通州区水产品污染副溶血性弧菌情况和由其引起食源性腹泻的危险性。方法:监测本区内超市、菜市场及餐饮业水产品中副溶血性弧菌的污染情况;对引起食物中毒的可疑样品和医院肠道门诊腹泻病人的粪便进行副溶血性弧菌分离鉴定;对部分所分离菌株进行毒力检测(神奈川试验和脲酶试验)、血清分型和rDNA(核糖核酸)指纹图谱分析,并进行同源性比较。结果:(1)超市、菜市场水产品副溶血性弧菌阳性检出率35.0%,餐饮部门阳性率8.6%,总阳性率22.7%;(2)从2家餐饮单位的可疑食物中毒样品(水产品和凉拌菜)中分离出4株副溶血性弧菌;(3)检测303份腹泻病人的粪便,分离出腹泻病原菌76株,排在前三位的是副溶血性弧菌33株,占腹泻病原菌的43.42%,以6～10月份最多;各种沙门菌16株,占21.05%;第三是志贺氏菌13株,占17.11%。(4)对其中27株副溶血性弧菌检测其毒力基因tdh(神奈川试验)全部阳性t,rh基因(脲酶试验)有3株阳性(从食品中分离),其余全部阴性;27株副溶血性弧菌分别属于17个不同的血清型r,DNA指纹图谱分为22个核糖型。提示除由一起食物中毒病人粪便中分离的6株菌外,其余各菌株间同源污染的可能性较小。结论:通州区水产品污染副溶血性弧菌比较严重且菌株均具有致病性。临床病例腹泻病原菌检测结果提示,副溶血性弧菌近年已经上升为引起食源性腹泻的主要病原菌,应引起临床和预防部门的重视。

Objective：To investigate the contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus（Vp） in aquatic product and the dangerous for foodboren diarrhea in Tongzhou Beijing.Methods：To surey the infectious status of Vp from aquatic product in supermarket,market and catering industry;To isolate and identify Vp from distrustful sample causing food poisoning and the diarrhea patient＇s stool specimens collected from hospital.To research some strains on virulence（Hemolysis test and Urease test）,serum subtype and ribosomal DNA fingerprinting patterns,and further analyze the homology of strains.Results：（1） The positive rate of Vp isolated from aquatic product in supermarket and market was 35.0%,in catering industry was 8.6% and the total positive rate was 22.7%.（2） 4 Vp strains were isolated from distrustful sample（aquatic product and cold vegetable dish in sauce） in two catering industries.（3） It was found that 76 out of 303 cases were positive for enteric pathogenic bacteria,and were identified as 33 Vp strains（especially from June to October）,16 Salmonella strains and 13 Shigella strains,and the positive rate were 43.42%,21.05% and 17.11%,respectively.（4） All of the Hemolysis test of 27 Vp strains was positive,among which Urease test of two strains was positive.Total of 27 Vp strains were divided into different serotypes and 22 ribogroups,which indicated that the possibility of homology pollution was negligible,but 6 Vp strains isolated from stool specimens causing by food poisoning.Conclusion：The infectious status of Vp in aquatic product was obvious and isolated strains had definite pathogenicity.The result of pathogen patterns of enteric diarrhea revealed that Vp was the primary pathogen for foodboren diarrhea,which suggested the necessary supervision.