生命的存在状态--以《老子》第三十九章、五十一章为中心

On the State of Existence of Life——Based on the 39th and the 51st Chapters in Laozi

生命的存在状态对于生命自身来说有自然状态、本然状态、异化状态、理想状态和灰暗状态等,对于别的生命来说又有最佳状态、不佳状态和敌对状态等。老子认为生命的自然状态表面上看既是生命的本然状态,又是生命的异化状态,实质上看则是生命的本然状态;生命的本然状态就是生命的理想状态,与生命的理想状态相对的则是生命的灰暗状态;生命的本然状态、理想状态就是对别的生命来说的最佳状态,与生命的最佳状态相对的则是生命的不佳状态乃至敌对状态。由于生命的本然状态、理想状态和最佳状态是吻合一致的,老子强调生命中的"自然",反对对生命的"改造"。

Life has its state of existence.As for life itself,there are natural,primordial,alienated,ideal and grey states of life,As for other lives,there are optimal,abysmal and hostile states,etc.For Laozi,the natural state appears to be the combination of primordial state and alienated states;however,the natural state is essentially the primordial state of life.The primordial state of life is the ideal state,in contrast with the abysmal state.For other lives,the primordial state and the ideal state is the optimal state,in contrast with the abysmal state and the hostile state.Because of the congruence of the primordial,ideal and optimal states,Laozi favors the natural state in life and disagrees with reformation of life.