细菌菌膜的基础与临床

BASIC AND CLINICAL KNOWLEDGE ON BACTERIAL BIOFILM

为了让临床医师更好的了解细菌菌膜病，本文将自己对细菌菌膜病的十年研究结果进行了总结。菌膜（ｂａｃｔｅｒｉａｌｂｉｏｆｉｌｍ）是细菌在不利于其生长的环境下，产生藻酸盐多糖使细菌相互粘连形成膜状物附着于病灶的表面或导管内。菌膜病（ｂｉｏｆｉｌｍｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ，菌膜引起的疾病）对人体的致病性表现在两方面：第一，菌膜释放浮游菌造成慢性感染急性发作，如慢性支气管炎急性发作；第二，藻酸盐会导致变态免疫性疾病，如弥漫性泛细支气管炎。临床上许多顽固性、难治性感染可能均与形成菌膜有关。本文的实验结果阐述了菌膜的形成过程、致病机制，包括病态免疫机制。此外，也详细说明了大环内酯类（１４、１５员环）在治疗菌膜病中的特别作用。

The paper summarizes the research on bacterial biofilm done for a decade by Prof. H. Kobayashi of Medical School of Kyolin University ,Japan. Bacteria, specially mucoid strains, in unfavourable environment, produce alginate which makes bacteria assemble together to form a bacterial biofilm adhering to airway surface, catheter and so on. The harm of biofilm diseases is in two ways. One is the floating bacteria released from biofilm cause acute onset of chronic infections, such as acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Another one is alginate induced allergy, such as diffuse panbronchiolitis. Many chronic and stubborn infections can be related with bacterial biofilm. A large amount of data show the formation of biofilm and its pathogenesis including immuno-mechanism. And the role of macrolides (14 or 15 members) in the treatment of the biofilm diseases is shown in this paper as well.