改土归流后移民家族的建构及其意义——以湖南永顺县青龙村林氏为例

The Establishment of Immigrant Clans after the Appointment of Local Officials by the Central Government——Taking Lin Clan of Qinglong Tujia Village in Hunan Province as an Example

改土归流后,清政府对湘西地区实施大规模移民。这些移民家族为了争夺生存资源,建构了家族组织。在家族组织的建构中对国家正统性身份的强调具有重要的社会和文化意义,它反映了湘西地方社会发展的历史过程。以林氏家族为例,采取田野调查和民间文献相结合的历史人类学方法,可以复原改土归流后湘西土家族村落中移民家族建构的历史。

After the central government dethroned the chieftains and began to appoint local officials on their own,the Qing government implemented large-scale immigration in the western areas of Hunan.In order to fight for the resources for family survival,these immigrants established their own clan organizations.In the construction of such organizations,the emphasis put on the legitimacy of the national identity had an important social and cultural significance.It reflects the historical process of local social development in western Hunan.Taking the Lin Clan as an example and combining field investigation and folk literature method of historical anthropology,this paper rehabilitates the history of the migrant family construction in Xiangxi Tujia villages after the reform of chieftains to bureaucrats.