论人体组成部分的法律地位及其归属

On the Legal Status and Ownership of Human Body Parts

人体器官移植技术的发展使得人体及其组成部分可作为客体被利用,这导致传统的主客体绝对二分的格局被打破。但目前各国法律、学说和判例对其法律地位的认定众说纷纭,相互矛盾。在器官移植技术的背景下,应区分人体组成部分的具体类型及不同的物理状态,以是否活体、是否离体、是否可再生为标准来分别定性。原则上,作为整体的活体及存活于活体内的器官组织应为身体权的内容,不具有财产性,不能市场化;已从活体摘除的器官组织以及尸体器官组织应为有限财产权的内容,法律应严格限制其处分。

With the development of the human organ transplant technology,the human body and its components can be used as an object,which leads the traditional pattern of the object-subject dichotomy to be broken.However,there are many diversities on the legal status of human body part in the laws,doctrines and cases.In the context of organ transplant technology,we should distinguish the specific types and different physical states of the human body part by the standard of whether it is in vivo,in vitro and reproducible.In principle,the living body as a whole and organs in vivo should be considered as the content of the right of body,which isn＇ t a property and can be object of commerce;organs outside of the body and cadaveric organs should be considered as the content of limited property right whose disposition should be restricted firmly by the law.