跨国地下水利用与保护的法律探析

The Law Discussion on the Utilization and Protection of Transboundary Groundwater Resources

跨国地下水是国际水域的重要组成部分。跨国地下水本身的特点需要制定适合其特性的专门法规。从20世纪20年代到现在,逐渐形成了一系列跨国地下水开发利用的条约和规则,这些条约和规则对跨国地下水的开发利用和保护具有一定的积极意义。但是,由于在确定地下水的法律制度方面,有一系列理论问题尚未受到重视,因此,关于跨国地下水现有的立法存在一定缺陷。制定公平和合理利用跨国地下水资源的双边和多边条约、重视跨国地下水与地表水的整体性、建立专门的跨国地下水管理组织规范等是完善跨国地下水立法的重要内容。

Transboundary groundwater resources are the main components of international waters.Special law and regulation must be enacted to adapt the characteristics of transboundary groundwater.A series of pacts on the development of transboundary groundwater resources have gradually formed from the twenties of the 20th century to now.Although the pacts have some positive significance to the development and protection of transboundary groundwater,some defects still exist in them because a series of theoretical problems to work out the legal system on groundwater are not taken seriously.So to make the bilateral or multilateral treaties of using the groundwater fairly and reasonably,to pay attention to the wholeness between the surface water and groundwater and establish special transboundary groundwater management system are the important contents of improving the law about transboundary groundwater resources.