草地畜牧业对晴隆县农业产业结构的影响

Impact of grassland animal husbandry on agricultural structure adjustment in the Qinglong County,Guizhou Province

草地畜牧业不仅对生态恢复具有重要影响,而且对区域经济发展具有积极作用。本研究以贵州省晴隆县为研究对象,分析草地畜牧业对晴隆县土地利用,种植业,畜牧业和农、林、牧业产值的影响。结果表明,种草养畜后耕地减少和养羊产业的发展,促进了晴隆县农业产业结构的有效调整。一是促进土地利用结构由坡耕地向栽培草地合理转变;二是种植业压粮扩饲,全县粮食作物∶经济作物∶饲草作物面积由2000年的166∶29∶1变为2008年的3.6∶1∶1.2,种植业结构不断优化;三是畜牧业结构由耗粮型向节粮型转变,全县羊存栏年平均增长率是生猪的3.38倍,栽培草地由2001年的0.05 hm2增加到2009年的1.47万hm2,改良草地由零增加到1万hm2;四是促进农林牧业产值的合理转变,家畜生产比重占农业GDP的43.53%,比2000年提高12.5百分点。

Grassland animal husbandry influences the ecological restoration and plays an effective role in the regional economic development. A field survey was carried out to investigate the impact of grassland animal husbandry on land use, farming, animal husbandry, and output value of farming, forestry and animal husbandry in Qinglong County of Guizhou Province. This study showed that grassland animal husbandry effectively promoted the adjustment of agricultural structure. Firstly, grassland animal husbandry encouraged land use structure to change from sloping cropland to pasture. Secondly, grassland animal husbandry reduced the land area of crop production and increased the land area of feed production, and the area ratio of crop land, cash crop land and feed land changed from 166 ： 29： 1 in 2000 to 3. 6 ： 1 ： 1.2 in 2008. Thirdly, animal feeding systems were found to have moved from consumption of grain-based feedstuffs to grain-saving, indicating that the average annual growth rate of sheep was 3.38 times greater than pigs, and the pasture increased from 0.5 thousand ha in 2001 to 14.7 thousand ha in 2009, and improved grassland increased from zero to 10 thousand ha. Lastly, obvious output value changes of farming, forestry and animal husbandry were founded in this study, and livestock production accounted for 43.53% of agricultural GDP, which increased by 12.5% when compared to it in 2000.