揭膜对棉田土壤温度、棉花产量及环保的影响

Effects of Uncovering Plastic Film on Soil Temperature of Cotton Cropland,Cotton Yield and Environment Protection

以2个棉花新品种为材料,研究适时揭膜(UPF)对棉田土壤温度,蕾铃发育和产量的影响及残膜回收的可行性。结果表明,UPF对棉田具有降温作用,UPF的平均土壤温度低于全生育期覆膜(MPF)0.47℃,从土壤深度上看,△t5 cm>△t10 cm=△t15 cm,从时间上看,△t14:00>△t20:00>△t8:00,综合土壤深度和时间2因素,△t5 cm,14:00最大(0.71℃)、△t10 cm,8:00最小(0.27℃);UPF蕾铃数前期小于MPF,后期大于MPF;UPF的产量、单株铃数、单铃质量、衣分均高于MPF,株高低于MPF,其中小区产量、单株铃数差异达到显著水平;每公顷棉田UPF可回收残膜57.78 kg,回收率达到85.56%。UPF有利于棉田土温降低、棉花后期生长及残膜回收。

With two new cotton cultivars as test materials,the effects of uncovering plastic film（UPF）on the things were researched,such as soil temperature of cotton cropland,upgrowth of buds and bolls,cotton yield and feasibility of remnant plastic film reclaimed.The results showed that the soil temperatures of UPF were lower than MPF covered over with plastic film by 0.47 ℃ on average in the whole growth stage.As well as we found △t5 cm〉△t10 cm=△t15 cm on soil depth and △t14：00〉 △t20：00 〉△t8：00 on time separately.In the all treatments,△t5cm,14：00（0.71 ℃）was the highest,△t10 cm,8：00（0.27 ℃）was the lowest,on soil depth and time.Some of the UPF characters were higher than MPF＇s,these characters were yield,boll numbers per plant,single boll weight,lint percentage,but plant height was lower than the later.And some of characters between the two treatments were different at significant 0.05 level,which were yield and boll numbers per plants.57.78 kg remnant plastic film per hectare was reclaimed by UPF,and the ratio reached to 85.56%.The results showed that the UPF was available to lower soil temperature of cotton farmland,to develop for cotton at the last of growth stage and to reclaim remnant plastic film.UPF is a very important and useful method for mulched cotton to delay premature senility,increase yield and protect environment.