贵阳市某幼儿园学龄前儿童膳食营养状况

Dietary nutritional status among preschool children in a kindergarten in Guiyang

目的了解学龄前儿童膳食摄入能量和营养素情况,为幼儿营养教育和营养干预提供基础资料。方法采用5 d称重法记录学龄前儿童园内膳食,发放记录表给儿童监护人记录园外膳食。使用食物成分表计算平均每人每日能量及营养素的摄入量,与DR Is进行比较。结果学龄前儿童膳食中豆类、蔬菜和蛋类摄入不足,谷类、水果、肉鱼水产类和乳类摄取充足。平均钙、锌摄入均不足,分别达到DR Is的62.96%和64.50%。脂肪提供的能量占总能量百分比偏低,仅为28.13%。蛋白质提供的能量占总能量的百分比偏高,为15.86%。铁主要来源于植物性食品,血红素铁仅占31.06%。能量主要来源于植物性食品。钙磷比值严重倒置。结论学龄前儿童钙、锌摄入不足,血红素铁所占比例较低。需要增加蛋类、豆类及蔬菜的摄入量,适当选择动物性食品等含血红素铁高的食物。

Objective To investigate the status of dietary nutrition,which were compared with the DRIs,to provide evidence for improving children＇ s nutritional education and intervention.Methods Five days＇ diets in kindergarten were recorded by using weighing methods and the diets out of kindergarten were recorded on scale by parents.Food composition table were used to calculate the energy and nutrients intake which were compared with the DRIs.Results Beans,vegetables and eggs were insufficient in the diet,cereals,fruits,meat-fish and milk were sufficient.The intake of calcium and zinc were deficient,respectively 62.96% and 64.50% of DRIs.The dietary energy provided by fat was only 28.13%,provided by protein was higher（15.86%）.Only 31.06% iron intake was from animal-resource food.The average ratio of calcium to phosphorus for 3-6years was 0.65.Conclusion Calcium and zinc intake are insufficient,intake of iron from animal-resource food is low.It is suggested to add intake of eggs,bean products and vegetables,and to add intake of iron from animal-resource food.