初中留守与非留守儿童心理健康影响因素分析

Influencing factors on psychological health between left-behind children and not left-behind children in junior middle school

目的比较留守儿童与非留守儿童心理健康的差异,探讨心理弹性、社会支持对留守儿童与非留守儿童心理健康的影响。方法以四川省未受地震影响的经济水平、外出务工情况具有代表性的某县548名农村初中一年级学生作为研究对象,运用社会支持、心理弹性、心理健康量表对其进行问卷调查。结果留守与非留守儿童的心理健康阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。聚类分析将初中生分为高心理弹性高社会支持留守儿童组、中心理弹性中社会支持非留守儿童组、中心理弹性中社会支持留守儿童组、低心理弹性低社会支持组(内含留守儿童和非留守儿童)4组,不同组别学生心理健康差异有统计学意义(F=13.50,P<0.01)。高心理弹性高社会支持留守儿童的心理健康状况优于中心理弹性中社会支持非留守儿童组、中心理弹性中社会支持留守儿童组、低心理弹性低社会支持组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论留守儿童与非留守儿童心理健康水平无明显差异,心理弹性与社会支持能很好地预测留守儿童与非留守儿童的心理健康状况。

Objective To compare the differences of psychological health between left-behind children and not left-behind children,and to explore how the psychological resilience and social support impact the psychological health of the two groups.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 548 junior middle school students,composing four parts： basic conditions,SSAS,HKRA and Psychological Health Status of Middle School Students Scale.Results There was no distinct differences between left-behind children and not left-behind children in positive rate and mean of psychological health rate（P〉0.05）.Using cluster analysis,the population was divided into four groups： high-resilience-support left-behind group,middle-resilience-support not left-behind group,middle-resilience-support left-behind group,low-resilience-support group.The differences of psychological health among four groups was very distinct（F=13.50,P〈0.01）,the psychological health of high-resilience-support left-behind group was better than the other groups（P〈0.05）.Conclusion There is no obvious difference in psychological health between left-behind children and not left-behind children,the psychological resilience and social-support can well predict their psychological health status.