适应不良大学生A型人格与防御方式分析

Type A behavior and defense style of college students with maladaptation

目的探讨适应不良大学生A型人格与防御方式的特点,为加强大学生心理健康教育提供参考依据。方法采取大学生学校适应不良量表、A型行为类型问卷和防御方式问卷,对分层整群抽取的江西某高校406名大学生进行调查。结果适应不良组大学生A型行为检出率为36.5%,时间匆忙感、竞争敌意、A型人格总分、不成熟防御机制、中间防御机制、掩饰因子得分分别为(14.44±3.67),(12.78±3.22),(27.23±6.12),(4.50±0.86),(4.63±0.57),(5.55±0.88);适应良好组大学生A型行为检出率为10.6%,各因子得分分别为(10.21±3.23),(11.45±3.60),(21.66±5.92),(3.39±0.76),(4.33±0.63),(5.04±0.93)。2组间差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。多元回归分析结果显示,不成熟防御机制、时间匆忙感、竞争敌意进入适应不良的回归方程,解释总变异的40.0%。结论大学生适应不良受到A型人格特征、防御方式的影响。

Objective To explore the characteristics of type A behavior and defense style among the maladaptation undergraduates,and to provide evidence for enhancing mental health education among college students.Methods A total of 406 college students were investigated with College Maladjustment Scale,Type A Behavior Pattern Scale and Defense Style Questionnaire.Results The detection rate of A type behavior among maladaptation group（36.5%） was higher than that among well adaptation group（10.6%）.The maladaptation students had significantly higher scores in the percentage of type A behavior,time hurry（TH）,competitive hostility（CH）,TABP total score,the immature defense style（IDS）,the intermediate defense styles and conceal factor（14.44±3.67,12.78±3.22,27.23±6.12,4.50±0.86,4.63±0.57,5.55±0.88） than the well adaptation ones（10.21±3.23,11.45±3.60,21.66±5.92,3.39±0.76,4.33±0.63,5.04±0.93,P〈0.05）.Multiple regression analysis showed that maladaptation were immature defense style,time hurry and competitive hostility,accounting for 40.0% of the total variation.Conclusion Type A behavior and defense style have significantly influences on maladaptation.