先驱体转化法制备泡沫陶瓷的发展现状

Present State of Ceramic Foams by Preceramic Polymer Pyrolysis

泡沫陶瓷由于具有一系列优异的性能,使得其应用范围越来越广泛,其制备方法也在不断地发展。先驱体转化法制备泡沫陶瓷是20世纪末才出现的一种新型工艺,它具有制备温度低、陶瓷组成和结构可设计、容易成型复杂构件等优点,成为目前泡沫陶瓷制备方法中的一个研究热点。根据泡沫陶瓷制备过程中成孔原理的不同,先驱体转化法制备泡沫陶瓷大致可以分为三类:(1)直接发泡法;(2)有机泡沫浸渍法;(3)添加造孔剂法。本文详细地介绍了由这三类先驱体转化法制备泡沫陶瓷的研究现状,并分析了其优缺点以及亟待解决的问题。

Ceramic foams are widely used in many fields due to a number of favorable properties,and its manufacture methods have been developing all the time.The preceramic polymer pyrolysis appearing in late 20th century is a new route to fabricate ceramic forms.It offers many potential advantages such as low processing temperature,controllable ceramic composition and structure,processing versatility（e.g.,plastic forming ability）.According to the different pore-forming principles,there are three kinds of means to make ceramic forms by preceramic polymer pyrolysis：（1）direct foaming;（2）polymer foam infiltration;（3）adding pore-former agent.This article introduces the present state of the three kinds of methods to prepare ceramic forms by preceramic polymer pyrolysis in detail,and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each measure,including existing problems needed to be resolved.