危害人类罪在国际刑法中的确认和构成要件

On the Establishment and Constitutive Requirements of the Crime against Humanity in the International Criminal Law

危害人类罪是针对平民人口进行的广泛或有系统的暴力罪行,侵犯着整个人类社会的根本利益,严重地破坏人类的和平和安全。早在19世纪末,一些规范战争的国际公约已具有惩治危害人类罪的萌芽内容。作为独立的罪名,危害人类罪首次是在《纽伦堡宪章》和《远东国际军事法庭宪章》得以规定,并开启了关于危害人类罪的国际刑事审判实践。在此后的《前南国际法庭规约》和《卢旺达国际刑事法庭规约》中,均将危害人类罪列为一种独立的国际犯罪,而且规定的内容更为具体和有所发展。在综合先前的国际性法律文件的相关规定之基础上,《罗马规约》以专门条款继续拓展关于危害人类罪的定义、构成要件和具体表现形态。

The Crime against Humanity is a widespread or systematic violent crime against any civiliant any civilian population, which infringes the fundamental interests of the entire human society and seriously damages the peace and security of mankind. Back in the late. 19th century, a number of International Conventions controlling wars had already had the. content of punishing the. Crime against Humanity. As an independent crime, it was firstly defined in the Nnlcmbcrg Charter and Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Far Easl. which startled the practice of international criminal trial on the Crime against Humanity. The suhsequent ICTY Statute and ICTR Statute all stipulated that the Crime against Humanity is an independent international crime with more detailed and developed provisions. On the basis of previous international legal documents, the Rome Statute stipulated the Crime against Humanity in a special provision, which further developed the definition, components and concrete manifestations of the crime