胎儿耳蜗外侧壁微血管构筑的解剖学研究

The anatomy study of the vascular system of cochlear external wall in fetus

目的 观察人类胎儿耳蜗外侧壁微血管形态、分布及生理学意义。方法 应用墨汁灌注和微血管铸型技术观察30例胎儿耳蜗外侧壁微血管形态。结果 耳蜗外侧壁由外放射状动脉供血,外放射状动脉走行于耳蜗前庭阶顶部,在耳蜗外侧壁形成四组毛细血管网,遍布耳蜗各回,分别为:血管纹血管网、前庭阶血管网、螺旋凸血管网和螺旋韧带深部血管网。耳蜗侧壁的静脉血流入鼓阶静脉。结论 26周龄以上胎儿耳蜗外侧壁微血管已发育完善,分布与其生理功能密切相关。

Object To study the morphology of the cochlear external wall vascular system in human fetus and its physiologic significance. Methods ①Microvasculatures casting technique and S-520 scanning electron microscopy were used in fifteen fetus. ②Thick cleared cochlear sections technique was used in fifteen fetuses after injected with ink. The sections were observed under Olympus CH microscope. Results The cochlear blood vessels in human fetus older than 26 weeks are well developed. The spiral modular artery (SMA) is the most important in the cochlear,supplies the whole cochlea except the first basal half turn. The main stem of SMA gives off three series of radial arterioles at regular intervals repeatedly:the external,middle and internal radial artery. The external radial artery runs across the apical parts of the scala vestibule and its branches formed four capillary regions in the external wall. Conclusion ①The cochlear blood vessels in human fetus older than 26 weeks are well developed. ②The vascular system of the cochlear external wall is corresponded with its physiologic functions.