ICU护士职业暴露现状及防护行为的相关因素分析

Status and relating factors of occupational exposure and protection among nurses in intensive care units

目的调查ICU护士职业暴露及防护行为的发生情况,探讨ICU职业暴露的特点及防护行为的影响因素。方法采用自行设计的一般资料调查表、ICU职业暴露发生情况调查问卷及防护行为调查问卷,收集沈阳市5所医院211名ICU护士的相关资料。结果 ICU护士职业暴露发生情况以人体工效学、心理社会和组织因素方面职业暴露得分最高;教育程度、工作岗位、职业暴露经历、培训经历、工作年限是护士防护行为的影响因素。结论人体工效学、心理社会和组织因素方面是ICU护士最经常面临的职业暴露,管理者应采取有针对性的措施以减少职业暴露的发生。护理管理者应加强护士职业防护的培训及监督,合理安排工作岗位,为护士提供充足的防护物品,以确保ICU护士以良好的身心投入到护理工作中。

Objective To investigate the status and relating factors of occupational exposure and protection among nurses inintensive care units.Methods Totally 211 ICU nurses from five hospitals in Shenyang were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire about the occupational exposure and protection.Results Ergonomics,psychosocial and organizational exposure were the most frequent factors among the overall occupational exposure.Nurses＇ educational level,post,experience of occupational exposure and training,and length of service were influencial factors of occupational protection behaviors.Conclusion Ergonomics,psychosocial and organizational exposure are the most prevalent occupational exposure.Nursing managers shouldtake actions to strengthen training and supervision of occupational protection,rationally arrange nurses＇ posts and provide sufficient protection devices to reduce the incidence of occupational exposure of ICU nurses.