什么“世界”?如何“文学”?

"World Literature":What Kind of "World" and How to Define "Literature"?

如果不是在把握当下多元文化世界特征的基础上，去重新认识世界文学的观念和存在形态，仅仅依靠经典扩容、文学史加料、外国文学课程中非西方章节的添加，以及类似的学科框架改良，注定不可能是真正的世界文学。因为，基于单一价值标准的“世界文学”理念，在面对各民族历史上灿如群星的成果和现实文学创造活动的时候，完全没法从文学的生成源流分野、跨文化意识形态冲突、审美价值标准差异，以及文学接受族群的历史影响认知诸方面，真正与民族文学达成共识。因此，目前迫切需要从思想史、学术史和学科生成史的跨文化综合视域去深化世界文学观念的认知，以期能够超越各种中心主义去有效描述世界文学的历史图景和现实生态。

As a concept, ＂world literature＂ has always been controversial in the past two hundred years. Nowadays in this multi-cultural world, it is also almost impossible to un- derstand what is the quintessence of ＂world literature＂ if we just extend classics series, supplement new materials in the literary history or add new chapters on non-western litera- ture in foreign literature courses. Because when we are appreciating the fruitful literary achievements in different nations and in different time, the concept of ＂world literature＂ which is based on uni-value system could not accord with the concept of ＂national litera- ture＂ in the aspect of the creation of literature, the cross-cultural ideological conflicts and the historical influence of literature. Therefore, it is quite imperative to deepen the concept of ＂world literature＂ from the cross-cultural and multiple perspective of intellectual history and disciplinary history, to transcend all kinds of ＂-centralism＂ and to objectively describe the historical development and contemporary context of ＂world literature＂.