水茄对土壤中重金属的富集与转运研究

Accumulation and Transformation of Heavy Metals from Soil in Solanum torvum Swartz.

[目的]研究水茄(Solanum torvum Swartz.)对土壤重金属的吸收富集特征,保证中药材的安全使用。[方法]从水茄主要分布区采集植株,测定植物根、茎及其生境土壤中8种重金属元素(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn)的含量,分析比较各重金属元素在不同采集地点水茄和生境土壤中的分布规律及不同采集地点水茄对重金属元素的吸收富集和转运能力。[结果]不同地区水茄和土壤中重金属元素含量存在着显著差异,根中Cu、Pb、As含量超标;水茄对重金属的吸收存在着明显的相互作用;根对重金属元素的富集程度不同,富集系数最大的是Cu,其次为Ni;茎中未出现明显的富集现象,其对重金属的转运系数较小。[结论]重金属主要富集于水茄根中,建议以其茎作为主要药用部位。

[Objective] To study the accumulation and absorption characteristics of heavy metals from soil in Solanum torvum Swartz.,so as to guarantee the safe use of traditional Chinese medicine.[Method] The contents of eight heavy metals like As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb and Zn in root,stem of Solanum torvum sampled from different places and in their growth soil were determined,investigating the distribution of heavy metals in different parts of Solanum torvum and in different growth soil,and the accumulation and transformation ability of Solanum torvum sampled from different producing areas to heavy metals.[Result] Solanum torvum and soil collected from different places differed in content of heavy metals significantly.Contents of Cu,Pb and As in root of Solanum torvum exceeded the national standard,and the absorption of Solanum torvum to heavy metals was interactional.The accumulation of Cu and Ni in root of Solanum torvum ranked the first and second,respectively,whereas all the heavy metals in stem of Solanum torvum did not approach accumulation level with lower translocation coefficient.[Conclusion] It was suggested that stem of Solanum torvum be the main medicinal part for root of Solanum torvum was rich in heavy metals.