玉米茬原垄卡种大豆节本增效分析

Analysis of Low Input but High Output on Planting Soybean by Technology of No-Tillage with Maize Stubble

黑龙江垦区非常注重大豆保护性耕作技术措施,其中最有代表性的为玉米茬原垄卡种大豆栽培。2009～2010年,在军川农场进行该技术与平翻耕法的节本增效比较试验。结果表明:与平翻耕法相比,使用该技术可节省用于耕、翻等整地措施的费用约300元.hm-2;纯氮用量至少减少9.2kg.hm-2,节省18.4元.hm-2;增加经济效益1 149.51元.hm-2,综合效益1 467.91元.hm-2。该技术不仅适应黑龙江垦区生态与农业生产特点,而且起到了保护土壤耕层结构、增加土壤有机质及有助于减轻病虫害发生的作用,已成为黑龙江垦区最重要的节本增效的保护性耕作措施,并且在很多国营农场也得到了大面积的应用。

Conservation tillages of soybean planting are paid attention in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area,among which the typical method is the technology of no-tillage with maize stubble.From 2009 to 2010,the comparison of low input but high output between this technology and the plat plowing method were tested in Junchuan State Farm.The result showed that comparing with plat plowing method,the technology could give farmers the more comprehensive income by 1 467.91 yuan·hm-2through saving the cost for soil preparation by about 300 yuan·hm-2,such as no tillage,decreasing the amount of nitrogen by about 9.2 kg·hm-2and saving the cost by 18.4 yuan·hm-2at least and increasing economic profit by 1 149.51 yuan·hm-2.Technology of no-tillage with maize stubble,which not only adapts to the features of the ecology and agricultural production of Heilongjiang Reclamation Area,but preserves the construction of cultivated layer,increases the contents of soil organic matter and helps to decrease the occurrence frequency of diseases and insect pests,has become the most important conservation tillage in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area,and has been applied wildly in many large state farms.