废弃印刷线路板资源化与无害化处理研究进展

Progress in Study of Recycling and Innocuous Treatment of Waste Printed Circuit Boards

从资源再生的利用与环境保护的观点来看,随着废弃印刷线路板的迅速增加,回收废弃印刷线路板得到了越来越广泛的关注。然而,目前对废弃印刷线路板回收的技术还不够成熟。文章介绍了目前回收废弃印刷线路板的主要方法,包括焚烧法、化学处理法、热解法和机械处理法等,分析了各种方法的优缺点以及技术改进情况。综述了当前正在研究开发的回收废弃印刷线路板的新技术方法,包括超临界流体法、生物处理法和等离子体熔炼法等,总结了其研究进展情况。最后对回收废弃印刷线路板未来技术发展的方向进行了展望,指出了应加大在如下三个方面的研究力度。一是加强对目前已经采用的方法进行技术革新;二是增加对新方法新技术的研究投入;三是重视对废弃印刷线路板中非金属部分的回收研究,包括阻燃剂的绿色回收和研究新的可再生和生物降解的新材料。

From the viewpoints of renewable resource and environment protection,the recycling of waste printed circuit boards（PCBs） draw wide concerns as the amounts of waste PCBs increase dramatically.However recycling technology for waste PCBs in China is still immature.Current primary means for reusing waste PCBs were introduced,including incineration,chemical treatment,pyrolysis and mechanical treatment methods,with analysis of their advantages and disadvantages.New technologies being developed in recycling waste PCBs were described,including supercritical fluid process,biological process and plasma process.Directions for development of the technologies in recycling waste PCBs in future were discussed as well.It was proposed that technical transformation of existing methods should be continually strengthened.Efforts of study on new technologies and methods for recycling waste PCBs should be increased.Studies on recovery of NMFs from waste PCBs which included green recycling of flame retardants and development of new renewable and biodegradable materials should be concerned.